Metric - US/Imperial measurement units
The Imperial System (which uses yards, feet, inches,
etc to measure length) was developed over hundreds of years in the UK, then the
French developed the Metric System (metres) in 1670, which soon spread through Europe,
even to England itself in 1963. But the USA and a few other countries still
prefer feet and inches.
°F to °C
|
Deduct 32, then multiply by 5,
then divide by 9
|
°C to °F
|
Multiply by 9, then divide by 5,
then add 32
|
Length
Metric
|
|
US or Imperial
|
|
1 millimetre [mm]
|
|
|
0.03937 in
|
1 centimetre [cm]
|
10 mm
|
|
0.3937 in
|
1 metre [m]
|
100 cm
|
|
1.0936 yd
|
1 kilometre [km]
|
1000 m
|
|
0.6214 mile
|
US or Imperial
|
|
Metric
|
|
1 inch [in]
|
|
|
2.54 cm
|
1 foot [ft]
|
12 in
|
|
0.3048 m
|
1 yard [yd]
|
3 ft
|
|
0.9144 m
|
1 mile
|
5280ft
|
|
1.6093 km
|
1 int nautical mile
|
2025.4 yd
|
|
1.853 km
|
Area
Metric
|
|
US or Imperial
|
|
1 sq cm [cm2]
|
100 mm2
|
|
0.1550 in2
|
1 sq m [m2]
|
10,000 cm2
|
|
1.1960 yd2
|
1 hectare [ha]
|
10,000 m2
|
|
2.4711 acres
|
1 sq km [km2]
|
100 ha
|
|
0.3861 mile2
|
US or Imperial
|
|
Metric
|
|
1 sq inch [in2]
|
|
|
6.4516 cm2
|
1 sq foot [ft2]
|
144 in2
|
|
0.0929 m2
|
1 sq yd [yd2]
|
9 ft2
|
|
0.8361 m2
|
1 acre
|
4840 yd2
|
|
4046.9 m2
|
1 sq mile [mile2]
|
640 acres
|
|
2.59 km2
|
Conversion of Area
To convert area, simply remember
that area is length by width:
Area
= Length *Width
Volume/Capacity
Metric
|
|
US Measure
|
Imperial
|
|
1 cu cm [cm3]
|
|
|
0.0610 in3
|
|
1 cu decimetre [dm3]
|
1,000 cm3
|
|
0.0353 ft3
|
|
1 cu metre [m3]
|
1,000 dm3
|
|
1.3080 yd3
|
|
1 litre [l]
|
1 dm3
|
|
2.113 fluid pt
|
1.7598 pt
|
US Measure
|
Imperial
|
|
Metric
|
1 cu inch [in3]
|
|
16.387 cm3
|
|
1 cu foot [ft3]
|
|
0.02832 m3
|
|
1 fluid ounce
|
1.0408 UK fl oz
|
|
29.574 ml
|
1 pint (16 fl oz)
|
0.8327 UK pt
|
|
0.4732 liters
|
1 gallon (231 in3)
|
0.8327 UK gal
|
|
3.7854 liters
|
Conversion of Volume
Volume is Height by Width by Length
|
|
To convert Volume, remember that volume
is height by width by length:
Volume = Height *Width *Length
|
1quarts= 0.946liter 1quart=2pints
1quart=32fluid ounces
Calculate the mass of
the liquid m=d*V
Mass
1ton=2000pounds 1amu=1.661*10-24g
Metric
|
|
US or Imperial
|
|
1 milligram [mg]
|
|
|
0.0154 grain
|
1 gram [g]
|
1,000 mg
|
|
0.0353 oz
|
1 kilogram [kg]
|
1,000 g
|
|
2.2046 lb
|
1 tonne [t]
|
1,000 kg
|
|
1.1023 short ton
|
1 tonne [t]
|
1,000 kg
|
|
0.9842 long ton
|
US or Imperial
|
|
Metric
|
|
1 ounce [oz]
|
437.5 grain
|
|
28.35 g
|
1 pound [lb]
|
16 oz
|
|
0.4536 kg
|
1 stone
|
14 lb
|
|
6.3503 kg
|
1 hundredweight [cwt]
|
112 lb
|
|
50.802 kg
|
1 short ton (US)
|
|
|
0.9072 t
|
1 long ton (UK)
|
|
|
1.0160 t
|
Example 1
What is 2,000 yards in Metric?1. In the chart it shows that 1 yd = 0.9144 m (metres)
2. Multiply 2,000 x 0.9144 = 1,829 m
3. 1,829 m would be better expressed as 1.829 km (kilometres)
Example 2
What is 50 cubic foot in Metric?
1.
In the chart
it shows that 1 cu foot = 0.0283 m3 (cubic metres)
2. Multiply 50 x 0.0283 = 1.415 m3
3. Looks Good !
2. Multiply 50 x 0.0283 = 1.415 m3
3. Looks Good !
Density
m 301g
D= -------------- =
---------------- = 19.3g/cm3
V 15.6cm3
Metric Numbers
In the Metric System there are standard ways of talking about big and small numbers:- "kilo" for a thousand,
- "mega" for a million,
"kilo", "mega", "milli" etc are called "prefixes":
Prefix: a word part that can be added to the beginning of another word to create a new word
So, using the prefix "milli" in front of "liter" creates a new word "millilter".
Scientists and Engineers (who often use very big or very small numbers) like to write numbers this way.
Example: The Mass of the Sun
The Sun has a Mass of 1.988 * 1030 kg.It would be too hard for scientists to write 1,988,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg
(And very easy to make a mistake counting the zeros!)
Here we list the prefix for commonly used big and small numbers:
Common Big and Small Numbers
Name
|
The Number
|
Prefix
|
Symbol
|
trillion
|
1,000,000,000,000
|
tera
|
T
|
billion
|
1,000,000,000
|
giga
|
G
|
million
|
1,000,000
|
mega
|
10 6M
|
thousand
|
1,000
|
kilo
|
10 3k
|
hundred
|
100
|
hecto
|
h
|
ten
|
10
|
deka
|
10 1da
|
unit
|
1
|
|
|
tenth
|
0.1
|
deci
|
10 -1d
|
hundredth
|
0.01
|
centi
|
10 -2c
|
thousandth
|
0.001
|
milli
|
10 -3m
|
millionth
|
0.000 001
|
micro
|
10 -6µ
|
billionth
|
0.000 000 001
|
nano
|
10 -9n
|
trillionth
|
0.000 000 000 001
|
pico
|
p
|
Place Value and Decimal
Our Number System is based on ten.
Using only ten symbols (called Digits) we can write any number.
Using only ten symbols (called Digits) we can write any number.
The Ten Digits
The Digits we use today are called "Hindu-Arabic Numerals" and look like these:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9
So we know that we have 1 Ten and 2 Ones, which makes 12.This could also be written as 1 * 10 + 2 *1.
Example: "35" means 3 Tens and 5 Units, which is also 3 *10 + 5 * 1
Definition of Decimal
The word "Decimal" really means "based on 10" (From Latin decima: a tenth part).We sometimes say "decimal" when we mean anything to do with our numbering system, but a "Decimal Number" usually means there is a Decimal Point.
Fractions
A fraction is a part of a whole
Slice a pizza, and you will have fractions:
|
|
|
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1/2
|
1/4
|
3/8
|
|
(One-Half)
|
(One-Quarter)
|
(Three-Eighths)
|
|
Numerator
_____________
|
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Denominator
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1.
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